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reported several types of applications as mentioned in the
CNR-DT 200 document. The main advantage of composite materials
is to tailor the retrofit on the structure, being able to
design a different solution for any different problem, only
needing to respect the basic fundamentals of FRP retrofit,
meaning to assure that no premature delaminating occurs.
5.4 PRACTICAL STRENGTHENING APPLICATIONS ON RECOVERING TYPE OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
5.4.1 Strengthening of masonry panels
Masonry panels may be strengthened with FRP to increase their load carrying capacities or their ductility for in-plane or out-of-plane loads.
5.4.1.1 Strengthening for out-of-plane loads
5.4.1.2 Strengthening for in-plane loads
5.4.2 Lintel and tie areas
Lintels may be strengthened using FRP-SRG in order to increment their flexural-axial load carrying capacity as well as their ductility in order to assure a behaviour both as lintel and as tie areas.
5.5 STRENGTHENING OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS WITH SINGLE OR DOUBLE CURVATURE
5.5.1 Arches
Two structural schemes can be taken into consideration:
- Arch scheme, for arches resting on fixed and on hinged
supports;
- Arch-pier scheme, also known as frame scheme, for arches
resting on piers.
Both schemes generally tend to collapse
due to the formation of at least four hinges. In particular,
a possible mechanism may be due to the formation of three real
hinges and a double-pendulum (pseudo-hinge) leading to a shear
failure of a portion of the arch with respect to the other.
5.5.2 Single curvature vaults: barrel vaults
5.5.3
Double curvature vaults: domes
Domes exhibit both a membrane-type as well as flexural-type
of stresses:
5.6 CONFINEMENT OF MASONRY COLUMNS
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